Episode 96 - Walls That Divide U.S.

There is a crisis at the border between the U.S. and Mexico. Global forces of climate change, development and war conspire in a deadly feedback loop of human suffering. At the heart of this crisis is the most sprawling system of detention and surveillance the world has ever seen, relying on unjust criminalization for the benefit of a few sources of power. What does it all mean, how did we get here, and what can we do about it?
You can learn more at our borders mini site: borders.ashesashes.org
transcript available
This page is still a work in progress, as is the transcript
Chapters

[00:00] PART I: The Border Crisis
[02:31] 1.1: Humane Borders and Desert Aid Work
[15:47] 1.2: Guest intros and Crisis Summary
[34:28] 1.2.1: Fake University, Real Arrests
[38:55] 1.3: History of US Border Patorl
[1:16:10] 1.4: Criminalization of Status and Public Safety vs National Security
[1:33:13] 1.5: What Does it Take to Become a Refugee?
[1:52:20] 1.6: The Wall and Climate Change
[2:17:00] 1.7: Child Separation and the History of Concentration Camps
[3:02:50] PART II: How We Got Here
[3:04:30] 2.1: Mexico
[3:52:20] 2.2: Guatemala
[4:00:23] 2.3: El Salvador
[4:20:08] 2.4: "Just Enter Legally"
[4:28:40] 2.5: The Border Benefits Power
[4:36:14] 2.5.1: Prison Corporations
[4:55:49] 2.5.2: Law Enforcement and Criminality
[5:17:04] 2.5.3: Big Surveillance, Co.
[5:49:09] 2.5.4: Immigration Enforcement Turned Back on Everyone Else
[5:58:49] 2.5.4: Global Development, the Fourth Invasion
[6:23:39] 2.5.5: Lucrative Drug Smuggling
[6:49:57] PART III: What Can We Do?
Thank You to Our Guests

Doug Ruopp, Humane Borders
Amilcar Valencia, El Refugio
Paedia Mixon, New American Pathways
Azadeh N. Shahshahani, Project South
Erin Argueta, Southeast Immigrant Freedom Initiative
Special Thanks

Music by Juan Camillo Garza
Sources

@misc{Alex Kotch_2019, title={Who Is Making Money From CBP in Your State?}, url={https://readsludge.com/2019/06/27/who-is-making-money-from-cbp-in-your-state/}, journal={Sludge}, author={Alex Kotch}, year={2019}, month={Jun} }
@misc{American Immigration Council_2012, title={The 287(g) Program: An Overview}, url={https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/287g-program-immigration}, journal={American Immigration Council}, author={American Immigration Council}, year={2012}, month={Nov} }
@misc{Amy Goodman_2019, title={Death and Resistance on the U.S.-Mexico Border: A Democracy Now! Special}, url={https://www.democracynow.org/2019/9/2/death_and_resistance_on_the_us}, journal={Democracy Now!}, author={Amy Goodman}, year={2019}, month={Aug} }
@misc{Ana María López, MD_2018, title={Whistleblower Letter}, url={https://www.whistleblower.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Original-Docs-Letter.pdf}, author={Ana María López, MD}, year={2018}, month={May} }
@article{Andrew S Veech_Jared E Renaud_Jacob DeGayner_Iraida Rodriguez_Sharlot Hart_2019, title={Archaeological Survey of 18.2 KM of the US-Mexico International Border, Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Pima County, Arizona}, url={https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6419897-Organ-Pipe-NPS-Report.html}, journal={Intermountain Region Archaeology Program}, author={Andrew S Veech and Jared E Renaud and Jacob DeGayner and Iraida Rodriguez and Sharlot Hart}, year={2019}, month={Jul} }
@article{Androff_Tavassoli_2012, title={Deaths in the Desert: The Human Rights Crisis on the U.S.—Mexico Border}, volume={57}, ISSN={0037-8046}, number={2}, journal={Social Work}, author={Androff, David K. and Tavassoli, Kyoko Y.}, year={2012}, pages={165–173} }
@misc{Andy Rose_Paul LeBlanc_2020, title={Portion of US border wall in California falls over in high winds and lands on Mexican side}, url={https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/29/politics/us-border-wall-falls-over-high-winds/index.html}, journal={CNN}, author={Andy Rose and Paul LeBlanc}, year={2020}, month={Jan} }
@misc{Arsenault_2011, title={Narco elite vs oligarchy: Guatemala votes}, url={https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/09/2011911184355644496.html}, author={Arsenault, Chris}, year={2011}, month={Sep} }
@misc{Asher Elbein_2019, title={Trump’s border wall is a major threat to a new species of salamander}, url={https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/trump-border-wall-mexico-us-new-species-salamander-rio-grande-a8968606.html}, journal={The Independent}, author={Asher Elbein}, year={2019}, month={Jun} }
@misc{Barclay_2017, title={The ecological disaster that is Trump’s border wall: a visual guide}, url={https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2017/4/10/14471304/trump-border-wall-animals}, journal={Vox}, author={Barclay, Eliza}, year={2017}, month={Apr} }
@misc{BBC_2019, title={Hundreds released after “cruel” Mississippi raids}, url={https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-49283157}, journal={BBC News}, author={BBC}, year={2019}, month={Aug} }
@misc{Bernard_2018, title={The time a president deported 1 million Mexican Americans for supposedly stealing U.S. jobs}, url={https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/08/13/the-time-a-president-deported-1-million-mexican-americans-for-stealing-u-s-jobs/}, journal={Washington Post}, author={Bernard, Diane}, year={2018}, month={Aug} }
@misc{Bixby_2019, title={ICE Ran Fake College to Target Undocumented Immigrants}, url={https://www.thedailybeast.com/ice-ran-fake-college-to-target-undocumented-immigrants}, journal={The Daily Beast}, author={Bixby, Scott}, year={2019}, month={Jan} }
@misc{Bonner_2018, title={America’s Role in El Salvador’s Deterioration}, url={https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/01/trump-and-el-salvador/550955/}, journal={The Atlantic}, author={Bonner, Raymond}, year={2018}, month={Jan} }
@misc{Byron Tau_Michelle Hackman_2020, title={Federal Agencies Use Cellphone Location Data for Immigration Enforcement}, url={https://www.wsj.com/articles/federal-agencies-use-cellphone-location-data-for-immigration-enforcement-11581078600}, journal={Wall Street Journal}, author={Byron Tau and Michelle Hackman}, year={2020}, month={Feb} }
@book{Center for Immigrants’ Rights Clinic_2017, title={Imprisoned Justice: Inside Two Georgia Immigrant Detention Centers}, url={https://projectsouth.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Imprisoned_Justice_Report-1.pdf}, institution={Penn State Law}, author={Center for Immigrants’ Rights Clinic}, year={2017}, month={May} }
@article{Chambers_Boyce_Launius_Dinsmore_2019, title={Mortality, Surveillance and the Tertiary “Funnel Effect” on the U.S.-Mexico Border: A Geospatial Modeling of the Geography of Deterrence}, volume={0}, ISSN={0886-5655}, DOI={10.1080/08865655.2019.1570861}, number={0}, journal={Journal of Borderlands Studies}, author={Chambers, Samuel Norton and Boyce, Geoffrey Alan and Launius, Sarah and Dinsmore, Alicia}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={1–26} }
@misc{Chavez_1983, title={U.s. Advisers in Salvador: A Delicate Mission}, url={https://www.nytimes.com/1983/05/26/world/us-advisers-in-salvador-a-delicate-mission.html}, journal={The New York Times}, author={Chavez, Lydia}, year={1983}, month={May} }
@misc{Clara Lincoln_2018, title={Displacement in Guatemala and How Transnational Solidarity Must Impact our Local Organizing for Housing and Land Rights}, url={https://nisgua.org/displacement-washington-dc-guatemala/}, journal={NISGUA}, author={Clara Lincoln}, year={2018}, month={Dec} }
@misc{Connolly_2019, title={City argues Constitution doesn’t protect undocumented immigrant killed by police}, url={https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/09/30/constitution-doesnt-protect-immigrant-killed-police-city-says/3822559002/}, journal={USA Today}, author={Connolly, Daniel}, year={2019}, month={Sep} }
@article{Darwin BondGraham_2019, title={California bans private prisons – including Ice detention centers}, ISSN={0261-3077}, url={https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/sep/12/california-private-prison-ban-immigration-ice}, journal={The Guardian}, author={Darwin BondGraham}, year={2019}, month={Sep} }
@book{Detention Watch Network_2018, title={DWN Spreadsheet Memo.pdf}, url={https://www.detentionwatchnetwork.org/sites/default/files/DWN%20Spreadsheet%20Memo.pdf}, institution={Detention Watch Network}, author={Detention Watch Network}, year={2018} }
@misc{Devereaux_2019a, title={Bodies in the Borderlands: Scott Warren Worked to Prevent Migrant Deaths in the Arizona Desert. The Government Wants Him in Prison.}, url={https://theintercept.com/2019/05/04/no-more-deaths-scott-warren-migrants-border-arizona/}, journal={The Intercept}, author={Devereaux, Ryan}, year={2019}, month={May} }
@misc{Devereaux_2019b, title={Mining the Future: Climate Change, Migration, and Militarization in Arizona’s Borderlands}, url={https://theintercept.com/2019/10/03/climate-change-migration-militarization-arizona/}, journal={The Intercept}, author={Devereaux, Ryan}, year={2019}, month={Oct} }
@misc{Devereaux_2019c, title={Humanitarian Volunteer Scott Warren Reflects on the Borderlands and Two Years of Government Persecution}, url={https://theintercept.com/2019/11/23/scott-warren-verdict-immigration-border/}, journal={The Intercept}, author={Devereaux, Ryan}, year={2019}, month={Nov} }
@misc{Devereaux_2020, title={Trump Is Blowing Up a National Monument in Arizona to Make Way for the Border Wall}, url={https://theintercept.com/2020/02/06/border-wall-construction-organ-pipe/}, journal={The Intercept}, author={Devereaux, Ryan}, year={2020}, month={Feb} }
@misc{Drew Harwell_2018, title={Amazon met with ICE officials over facial-recognition system that could identify immigrants}, url={https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2018/10/23/amazon-met-with-ice-officials-over-facial-recognition-system-that-could-identify-immigrants/}, journal={Washington Post}, author={Drew Harwell}, year={2018}, month={Oct} }
@misc{Edward Ongweso Jr_2020, title={Palantir’s CEO Finally Admits to Helping ICE Deport Undocumented Immigrants}, url={https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/pkeg99/palantirs-ceo-finally-admits-to-helping-ice-deport-undocumented-immigrants}, journal={Vice}, author={Edward Ongweso Jr}, year={2020}, month={Jan} }
@misc{EFF_2019, title={Explore the Data: Surveillance Tech in Southwestern Border Communities}, url={https://www.eff.org/aos-explore-border-data}, journal={Electronic Frontier Foundation}, author={EFF}, year={2019}, month={Sep} }
@misc{Elbit Systems_2018, title={Advanced Border Security Solution}, url={https://elbitsystems.com/media/Advanced-Border-Security-Solution.pdf}, journal={Elbit Systems}, author={Elbit Systems}, year={2018} }
@misc{Eli Rosenberg_2019, title={How a worker who survived a catastrophic building collapse ended up in ICE detention}, url={https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/11/25/how-worker-who-survived-catastrophic-building-collapse-ended-up-ice-detention/}, journal={Washington Post}, author={Eli Rosenberg}, year={2019}, month={Nov} }
@misc{Elizabeth G. Kennedy_Alison Parker_Clara Long_2020, title={Deported to Danger}, url={https://www.hrw.org/report/2020/02/05/deported-danger/united-states-deportation-policies-expose-salvadorans-death-and}, journal={Human Rights Watch}, author={Elizabeth G. Kennedy and Alison Parker and Clara Long}, year={2020}, month={Feb} }
@misc{Enel Green Power_2012, title={Enel Green Power: Palo Viejo Power Plant in Guatemala Becomes Operational}, url={https://www.enelgreenpower.com/media/press/d/2012/03/enel-green-power-palo-viejo-power-plant-in-guatemala-becomes-operational}, journal={Enel Green Power}, author={Enel Green Power}, year={2012}, month={Mar} }
@misc{Erica Bryant_2018, title={Sheriff McFadden begins tenure by ending ICE’s 287(g) program in Mecklenburg County}, url={https://www.wsoctv.com/news/local/sheriff-mcfadden-begins-tenure-by-ending-ices-287-g-program-in-mecklenburg-county/883744300/}, journal={WSOC}, author={Erica Bryant}, year={2018}, month={Dec} }
@misc{Frazin_2019, title={Reporter Manuel Duran released from ICE custody}, url={https://thehill.com/latino/452818-reporter-manuel-duran-released-from-ice-custody}, journal={TheHill}, author={Frazin, Rachel}, year={2019}, month={Jul} }
@misc{Funk_2019, title={How ICE Picks Its Targets in the Surveillance Age}, url={https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/02/magazine/ice-surveillance-deportation.html}, journal={The New York Times}, author={Funk, McKenzie}, year={2019}, month={Oct} }
@misc{George Joseph_2019, title={Data Company Directly Powers Immigration Raids in Workplace}, url={https://www.wnyc.org/story/palantir-directly-powers-ice-workplace-raids-emails-show/}, journal={WNYC}, author={George Joseph}, year={2019}, month={Jul} }
@misc{Georgina Gustin_2019, title={Climate change is devastating Central America, driving migrants to the U.S. border}, url={https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/central-america-drying-farmers-face-choice-pray-rain-or-leave-n1027346}, journal={NBC News}, author={Georgina Gustin}, year={2019}, month={Jul} }
@misc{Gili Cohen_2017, title={Israeli kamikaze drone maker carried out live demo on Armenian army targets, complaint says}, url={https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/israeli-suicide-drone-used-on-armenian-army-targets-in-live-demo-1.5442426}, journal={Haaretz}, author={Gili Cohen}, year={2017}, month={Aug} }
@misc{Goodman_2019, title={The Silencing of Manuel Duran Ortega}, url={https://progressive.org/api/content/f25f1bc0-4cb8-11e9-a9d7-12f1225286c6/}, journal={The Progressive}, author={Goodman, James}, year={2019}, month={Mar} }
@misc{Graff_2019, title={The Border Patrol Hits a Breaking Point}, url={https://politi.co/2JMc3y1}, journal={POLITICO Magazine}, author={Graff, Garrett M.}, year={2019}, month={Jul} }
@misc{Gruberg_2015, title={How For-Profit Companies Are Driving Immigration Detention Policies}, url={https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/reports/2015/12/18/127769/how-for-profit-companies-are-driving-immigration-detention-policies/}, journal={Center for American Progress}, author={Gruberg, Sharita}, year={2015}, month={Dec} }
@misc{Hamed Aleaziz_2019, title={Immigration Officials Are Pushing A Proposal To Add A New Fee For DACA Recipients And Charge For Asylum Applications}, url={https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/hamedaleaziz/immigration-fees-asylum-daca-ice-dhs}, author={Hamed Aleaziz}, year={2019}, month={Oct} }
@misc{Ian MacDougall_2019, title={How McKinsey Helped the Trump Administration Detain and Deport Immigrants}, url={https://www.propublica.org/article/how-mckinsey-helped-the-trump-administration-implement-its-immigration-policies/}, journal={ProPublica}, author={Ian MacDougall}, year={2019}, month={Dec} }
@book{International Organization for Migration_2014, place={Geneva}, title={Outlook on migration, environment and climate change}, ISBN={978-92-9068-703-0}, publisher={International Organization for Migration}, author={International Organization for Migration}, year={2014} }
@book{Jack D Forbes_2008, title={Columbus and Other Cannibals}, ISBN={978-1-58322-781-7}, url={https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/214073/columbus-and-other-cannibals-by-jack-d-forbes-foreword-by-derrick-jensen/}, publisher={Seven Stories Press}, author={Jack D Forbes}, year={2008}, month={Nov} }
@article{Jancsics_2019, title={Law enforcement corruption along the U.S. borders}, ISSN={1743-4645}, url={https://doi.org/10.1057/s41284-019-00203-8}, DOI={10.1057/s41284-019-00203-8}, journal={Security Journal}, author={Jancsics, David}, year={2019}, month={Oct} }
@misc{Jeff Abbott_2019, title={Displaced indigenous Guatemala war survivors demand reparations}, url={https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/04/displaced-indigenous-guatemala-war-survivors-demand-reparations-190403185416700.html}, journal={Al Jazeera}, author={Jeff Abbott}, year={2019}, month={Apr} }
@misc{Jeremy Turley_2019, title={Immigrants skipped church, shopping Sunday amid deportation raid fears}, url={https://www.ajc.com/news/breaking-news/immigrants-skipped-church-shopping-sunday-amid-deportation-raid-fears/mqNrHwDfBX250DGXWXCRCO/}, journal={AJC}, author={Jeremy Turley}, year={2019}, month={Jul} }
@misc{John Brunett_2019, title={Border Wall Construction In Arizona Bulldozes Cactus Columns}, url={https://www.npr.org/2019/10/11/769193107/border-wall-construction-in-arizona-bulldozes-cactus-columns}, journal={NPR.org}, author={John Brunett}, year={2019}, month={Oct} }
@misc{John Dillin_2006, title={How Eisenhower solved illegal border crossings from Mexico}, url={https://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0706/p09s01-coop.html}, journal={Christian Science Monitor}, author={John Dillin}, year={2006}, month={Jul} }
@misc{Judy Woodruff_2019, title={A firsthand report of “inhumane conditions” at a migrant children’s detention facility}, url={https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/a-firsthand-report-of-inhumane-conditions-at-a-migrant-childrens-detention-facility}, journal={PBS NewsHour}, author={Judy Woodruff}, year={2019}, month={Jun} }
@article{Kanazawa_2005, title={Immigration, Exclusion, and Taxation: Anti-Chinese Legislation in Gold Rush California}, volume={65}, ISSN={1471-6372, 0022-0507}, DOI={10.1017/S0022050705000288}, number={3}, journal={The Journal of Economic History}, author={Kanazawa, Mark}, year={2005}, month={Sep}, pages={779–805} }
@misc{Karen Hao_2018, title={Amazon is the invisible backbone of ICE’s immigration crackdown}, url={https://www.technologyreview.com/s/612335/amazon-is-the-invisible-backbone-behind-ices-immigration-crackdown/}, journal={MIT Technology Review}, author={Karen Hao}, year={2018}, month={Oct} }
@misc{Katie Shepherd_2019, title={ICE Quietly Expands Immigration Detention in the Deep South}, url={http://immigrationimpact.com/2019/07/18/immigration-detention-in-the-south/}, journal={Immigration Impact}, author={Katie Shepherd}, year={2019}, month={Jul} }
@misc{Ken Klippenstein_2019, title={Military May Use Lethal Force on Civil Disturbances at Border}, url={https://tyt.com/stories/4vZLCHuQrYE4uKagy0oyMA/AcMLHVPIrOSwg9dYv6Ycp}, journal={TYT Network}, author={Ken Klippenstein}, year={2019}, month={Oct} }
@misc{Kennedy_2019, title={Building the Transcontinental Railroad: How Some 20,000 Chinese Immigrants Made It Happen}, url={https://www.history.com/news/transcontinental-railroad-chinese-immigrants}, journal={History}, author={Kennedy, Lesley}, year={2019}, month={May} }
@misc{Krauss_1993, title={How U.S. Actions Helped Hide Salvador Human Rights Abuses}, url={https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/21/world/how-us-actions-helped-hide-salvador-human-rights-abuses.html}, journal={The New York Times}, author={Krauss, Clifford}, year={1993}, month={Mar} }
@misc{Lakhani_2014, title={Guatemala’s indigenous community threatened by mega-dam project}, url={https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/may/21/guatemala-indigenous-community-mega-dam-project}, journal={The Guardian}, author={Lakhani, Nina}, year={2014}, month={May} }
@misc{Laura Parker_2019, title={6 ways the border wall could disrupt the environment}, url={https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/01/how-trump-us-mexico-border-wall-could-impact-environment-wildlife-water/}, journal={Environment}, author={Laura Parker}, year={2019}, month={Jan} }
@misc{Lina Maria Ferreira Cabeza-Vanegas_2019, title={A Map of Border Body Trauma}, url={https://believermag.com/a-map-of-border-body-trauma/}, journal={Believer Magazine}, author={Lina Maria Ferreira Cabeza-Vanegas}, year={2019}, month={Oct} }
@misc{Lind_2015, title={Operation Wetback, the 1950s immigration policy Donald Trump loves, explained}, url={https://www.vox.com/2015/11/11/9714842/operation-wetback}, journal={Vox}, author={Lind, Dara}, year={2015}, month={Nov} }
@misc{Lind_2020, title={“Women to One Side, Men to the Other”: How the Border Patrol’s New Powers and Old Carelessness Separated a Family}, url={https://www.propublica.org/article/women-to-one-side-men-to-the-other-how-the-border-patrol-new-powers-and-old-carelessness-separated-a-family}, journal={ProPublica}, author={Lind, Dara}, year={2020}, month={Jan} }
@misc{Lindsey Reynolds_2019, title={Border wall construction begins in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument}, url={https://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/wilderness-resources/blogs/amp/border-wall-construction-begins-organ-pipe-cactus-national-monument}, journal={Mother Nature Network}, author={Lindsey Reynolds}, year={2019}, month={Sep} }
@article{Linton_Griffin_Shapiro_Pediatrics_2017, title={Detention of Immigrant Children}, volume={139}, ISSN={0031-4005, 1098-4275}, url={https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/139/5/e20170483}, DOI={10.1542/peds.2017-0483}, number={5}, journal={Pediatrics}, author={Linton, Julie M. and Griffin, Marsha and Shapiro, Alan J. and Pediatrics, Council on Community}, year={2017}, month={May} }
@misc{Lucy Rodgers_Dominic Bailey_2019, title={Trump’s border wall - in seven charts}, url={https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46824649}, journal={BBC News}, author={Lucy Rodgers and Dominic Bailey}, year={2019}, month={Sep} }
@misc{Malagón_2019, title={Immigration officers at O’Hare detain 3 children who are U.S. citizens: Congresswoman calls it ‘kidnapping of children by our government’}, url={https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/breaking/ct-chicago-immigration-ohare-children-detained-20190718-zmd3663ndngvlj7n2frh3mpjxm-story.html}, journal={Chicago Tribune}, author={Malagón, Elvia}, year={2019}, month={Jul} }
@misc{Marc Steiner_2019, title={Tohono O’odham Invaded By Border Patrol & Israeli Surveillance Tech}, url={https://therealnews.com/stories/tohono-oodham-invaded-by-border-patrol-israeli-surveillance-tech}, journal={The Real News Network}, author={Marc Steiner}, year={2019}, month={Sep} }
@misc{Mark_2019, title={Mississippi police officers fatally shot a man in a wrong-door raid. The city says he had no constitutional rights because he was an undocumented immigrant.}, url={https://www.insider.com/ismael-lopez-undocumented-immigrant-constitutional-rights-2019-9}, journal={Insider}, author={Mark, Michelle}, year={2019}, month={Sep} }
@article{Martin_2019, title={Young Afghan man tries to set himself on fire at Melbourne detention centre}, ISSN={0261-3077}, url={https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/jul/15/young-afghan-man-tries-to-set-himself-on-fire-at-melbourne-detention-centre}, journal={The Guardian}, author={Martin, Lisa}, year={2019}, month={Jul} }
@misc{Masters_2019, title={Fifth Straight Year of Central American Drought Helping Drive Migration}, url={https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/eye-of-the-storm/fifth-straight-year-of-central-american-drought-helping-drive-migration/}, abstractNote={Recent rains have helped, but long-term climate change is likely to significantly increase migration}, journal={Scientific American Blog Network}, author={Masters, Jeff}, year={2019}, month={Dec} }
@misc{Michael Sean Winters_2016, title={What is going on with US bishops’ ministry to migrants and refugees?}, url={https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/distinctly-catholic/what-going-us-bishops-ministry-migrants-and-refugees}, journal={National Catholic Reporter}, author={Michael Sean Winters}, year={2016}, month={Dec} }
@article{Migration and Refugee Services_United States Conference of Catholic Bishops_The Center for Migration Studies_2018, title={Unlocking Human Dignity:A Plan to Transform the U.S. Immigrant Detention System}, url={http://www.usccb.org/about/migration-and-refugee-services/upload/unlocking-human-dignity-report.pdf}, journal={A Joint Report of Migration and Refugee Services/United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and The Center for Migration Studies}, author={Migration and Refugee Services and United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and The Center for Migration Studies}, year={2018} }
@article{Miguel Barreto_2017, title={Food Security and Emigration}, journal={World Food Program}, author={Miguel Barreto}, year={2017}, month={Aug} }
@misc{Miroff_Dawsey_2019, title={‘Take the land’: President Trump wants a border wall. He wants it black. And he wants it by Election Day.}, url={https://www.washingtonpost.com/immigration/take-the-land-president-trump-wants-a-border-wall-he-wants-it-black-and-he-wants-it-by-election-day/2019/08/27/37b80018-c821-11e9-a4f3-c081a126de70_story.html}, journal={Washington Post}, author={Miroff, Nick and Dawsey, Josh}, year={2019}, month={Aug} }
@misc{Mixon_2019, title={Opinion: Human Rights Day a good time to recall America’s history}, url={https://www.ajc.com/news/opinion/opinion-human-rights-day-good-time-recall-america-history/CvL1qmNZp07X3KHToShlcP/}, abstractNote={This Tuesday, December 10th, is Human Rights Day, a celebration of the passing of the Universal Decl...}, journal={ajc}, author={Mixon, Paedia}, year={2019}, month={Dec} }
@misc{Molly O’Toole_2019, title={Border Patrol agents, rather than asylum officers, interviewing families for “credible fear”}, url={https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2019-09-19/border-patrol-interview-migrant-families-credible-fear}, journal={Los Angeles Times}, author={Molly O’Toole}, year={2019}, month={Sep} }
@misc{Nadeau_2020, title={Majority of Tracked Migrants Sent Back to El Salvador by the U.S. Were Killed}, url={https://www.thedailybeast.com/majority-of-tracked-migrants-sent-back-to-el-salvador-by-the-us-were-killed}, journal={The Daily Beast}, author={Nadeau, Barbie Latza}, year={2020}, month={Feb} }
@misc{Naomi Prioleau_2019, title={ICE Raids North Carolina After Local Authorities End Cooperation}, url={https://www.npr.org/2019/03/16/704039113/ice-raids-north-carolina-after-local-authorities-end-cooperation}, journal={NPR.org}, author={Naomi Prioleau}, year={2019}, month={Mar} }
@misc{Ochsner_2019, title={ICE: Nearly 500 undocumented immigrants released from NC jails despite detainer}, url={https://www.nbc12.com/2019/09/09/ice-nearly-undocumented-immigrants-released-nc-jails-despite-detainer/}, journal={https://www.nbc12.com}, author={Ochsner, Nick}, year={2019}, month={Sep} }
@misc{Ofelia Rivas_2011, title={Ofelia Rivas In protest we write…}, url={https://survivalsolidarity.wordpress.com/2011/10/22/ofelia-rivas/}, journal={Survival Solidarity}, author={Ofelia Rivas}, year={2011}, month={Oct} }
@misc{Parrish_2019, title={The U.S. Border Patrol and an Israeli Military Contractor Are Putting a Native American Reservation Under “Persistent Surveillance”}, url={https://theintercept.com/2019/08/25/border-patrol-israel-elbit-surveillance/}, journal={The Intercept}, author={Parrish, Will}, year={2019}, month={Aug} }
@article{Peters_Ripple_Wolf_Moskwik_Carreón-Arroyo_Ceballos_Córdova_Dirzo_Ehrlich_Flesch_2018, title={Nature Divided, Scientists United: US–Mexico Border Wall Threatens Biodiversity and Binational Conservation}, volume={68}, ISSN={0006-3568}, DOI={10.1093/biosci/biy063}, abstractNote={Fences and walls erected along international boundaries in the name of national security have unintended but significant consequences for biodiversity (Trouwbor}, number={10}, journal={BioScience}, author={Peters, Robert and Ripple, William J. and Wolf, Christopher and Moskwik, Matthew and Carreón-Arroyo, Gerardo and Ceballos, Gerardo and Córdova, Ana and Dirzo, Rodolfo and Ehrlich, Paul R. and Flesch, Aaron D. and et al.}, year={2018}, month={Oct}, pages={740–743} }
@book{Pitzer_2017, title={One Long Night: A Global History of Concentration Camps}, ISBN={978-0-316-30358-3}, note={Google-Books-ID: jlMRDgAAQBAJ}, publisher={Little, Brown}, author={Pitzer, Andrea}, year={2017}, month={Sep} }
@article{Rhoads_2002, title={“White Labor” vs. “Coolie Labor”: The “Chinese Question” in Pennsylvania in the 1870s}, volume={21}, ISSN={0278-5927}, number={2}, journal={Journal of American Ethnic History}, author={Rhoads, Edward J. M.}, year={2002}, pages={3–32} }
@misc{Rodrigo_2018, title={Migrant children may be adopted after parents are deported}, url={https://thehill.com/policy/international/americas/410653-ap-migrant-children-may-be-adopted-after-parents-are-deported}, journal={The Hill}, author={Rodrigo, Chris Mills}, year={2018}, month={Oct} }
@misc{Salvador Rodriguez_2019, title={Oculus founder Palmer Luckey scores $1 billion-plus valuation for his virtual border wall start-up}, url={https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/11/anduril-valued-at-1-billion-in-round-including-andreessen-horowitz.html}, journal={CNBC}, author={Salvador Rodriguez}, year={2019}, month={Sep} }
@misc{Sam Dean_2019, title={A 26-year-old billionaire is building virtual border walls — and the federal government is buying}, url={https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2019-07-25/anduril-profile-palmer-luckey-border-controversy}, journal={Los Angeles Times}, author={Sam Dean}, year={2019}, month={Jul} }
@misc{San Diego State University_2019, title={Catch-22: Stricter border enforcement may increase agent corruption}, url={https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/10/191002075939.htm}, journal={ScienceDaily}, author={San Diego State University}, year={2019}, month={Oct} }
@misc{Schwartz_2019, title={Why a Border Wall Could Mean Trouble for Wildlife}, url={https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/24/climate/border-wall-wildlife.html}, journal={The New York Times}, author={Schwartz, John}, year={2019}, month={Jan} }
@misc{Shear_Kanno-Youngs_2019, title={Trump Slashes Refugee Cap to 18,000, Curtailing U.S. Role as Haven}, url={https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/26/us/politics/trump-refugees.html}, journal={The New York Times}, author={Shear, Michael D. and Kanno-Youngs, Zolan}, year={2019}, month={Sep} }
@misc{Spencer Ackerman_2019, title={$800 Million in Taxpayer Money Went to Private Prisons Where Migrants Work for Pennies}, url={https://www.thedailybeast.com/dollar800-million-in-taxpayer-money-went-to-private-prisons-where-migrants-work-for-pennies}, journal={The Daily Beast}, author={Spencer Ackerman}, year={2019}, month={Jan} }
@misc{The Examiner_2008, title={Police authorized to detain illegal immigrants for 2 days}, url={https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/police-authorized-to-detain-illegal-immigrants-for-2-days}, journal={Washington Examiner}, author={The Examiner}, year={2008}, month={Dec} }
@misc{Tom Jones_Mari Payton_Bill Feather_2019, title={Source: Leaked Documents Show the U.S. Government Tracking Journalists and Immigration Advocates Through a Secret Database}, url={https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/source-leaked-documents-show-the-us-government-tracking-journalists-and-advocates-through-a-secret-database/3438/}, journal={NBC San Diego}, author={Tom Jones and Mari Payton and Bill Feather}, year={2019}, month={Mar} }
@misc{UN News_2019, title={Number of migrants now growing faster than world population, new UN figures show}, url={https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/09/1046562}, journal={UN News}, author={UN News}, year={2019}, month={Sep} }
@misc{UNCHR_2019, title={Inside the World’s 10 Largest Refugee Camps}, url={https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=8ff1d1534e8c41adb5c04ab435b7974b}, journal={ArcGIS}, author={UNCHR}, year={2019} }
@book{US Border Patrol_1994, title={Border Patrol Strategic Plan 1994 and Beyond}, url={https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5987025-Border-Patrol-Strategic-Plan-1994-and-Beyond.html}, institution={US Border Patrol}, author={US Border Patrol}, year={1994}, pages={19} }
@misc{U.S. Customs and Border Protection_2018, title={Border Patrol History}, url={https://www.cbp.gov/border-security/along-us-borders/history}, journal={U.S. Customs and Border Protection}, author={U.S. Customs and Border Protection}, year={2018}, month={Oct} }
@misc{Valeria Gonzalez_2019, title={Former Valley CBP Immigration Officer Facing Possible Deportation}, url={http://www.krgv.com/news/former-valley-cbp-immigration-officer-facing-possible-deportation/}, journal={KRGV}, author={Valeria Gonzalez}, year={2019}, month={Nov} }
@misc{Warikoo_2019, title={“I got nothing over here”: Michigan man with diabetes dies in Iraq after ICE deported him}, url={https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/08/08/deported-ice-michigan-man-dies-iraq-homeless-and-without-meds/1963208001/}, journal={USA Today}, author={Warikoo, Niraj}, year={2019}, month={Aug} }
@misc{Wells_2019, title={Study: Stricter US Border Control Increases Corruption}, url={https://www.occrp.org/en/daily/10839-study-stricter-us-border-control-increases-corruption}, abstractNote={A new study is linking the United States’ attempts to enforce stricter border controls to increased corruption among officers at the nation’s crossings, with the author warning it’s “only the tip of the iceberg.”}, author={Wells, Nicholas}, year={2019}, month={Oct} }
@misc{Zamira Rahim_2019, title={India builds detention camps for up to 1.9m people ‘stripped of citizenship’ in Assam}, url={https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/assam-india-detention-camps-bangladesh-nrc-list-a9099251.html}, journal={Independent}, author={Zamira Rahim}, year={2019}, month={Sep} }
Published
Episode 96 - Walls That Divide U.S.

Chapters

Recommended Reading

Thank You to Our Guests

Special Thanks

Sources
